Electricity from the power plant has to go through several links: transmission, transformation, distribution and consumption. In order to reduce the loss of power transmission links, the electricity from the power plant needs to be boosted through the substation for long-distance transmission, and then step down through the substation in the load area, and finally through the distribution box to the customer's home.
With the rapid development of the economy
The load demand is rising rapidly
One after another, substations are coming up
How many steps does it take for a substation to be "born"?
How long does it take to build?
1. Pre-conception Planning - Grid Planning
Grid planning is like our pre-conception plan. Grid companies combine regional planning, economic development and other aspects to predict the growth rate and direction of electricity consumption and the direction of power generation growth in a specific region in the next 5-10 years, to make reasonable planning for the grid, and to determine the voltage level, address, line direction and other parameters for substation construction.
During this period, both internal and external support are needed. Internally, it is its own network structure layout and reliability data; externally, it needs to actively interface with the government and users and link up with urban planning and construction.
This step can be divided into 5 years for near-term planning, 10 years for medium-term planning and 20 years for long-term planning.
2. Pre-conception medical examination - feasibility study
Made a good pregnancy plan, the next is the pre-conception physical examination, for substation construction is the feasibility study link. The construction management unit organizes the design units to carry out feasibility studies on the construction of substations, first through the tender to determine the feasibility study design units, design units for site selection, survey, feasibility study report, after three levels of review, until the feasibility study review and approval of the feasibility study. Through the field survey and power, hydrology, geology and other information access, for the substation "birth" to provide the preliminary basis, which is equivalent to our physical examination report.
This step requires a joint study involving power, hydrology, environmental protection and other agencies or departments. Depending on the voltage level and length of the line, this step generally takes 6 to 14 months.
3. Checking the medical examination report - approval of approval
After the completion of the physical examination, the doctor will help us check the physical examination report, to confirm that there is no problem, you can begin to conceive. The same applies to the construction of substations. After the feasibility study approval, the supporting documents for approval (prequalification and site selection opinion letter for construction projects, social stability risk analysis and assessment) are processed simultaneously, the volumes are assembled and submitted to the Development and Reform Commission for approval, and after the approved approval is obtained, the project carries out the design phase.
According to the priority of the project, the approval of the approval of the time generally takes 9-12 months. However, sometimes there are delays in approval due to difficulties in various procedures.
4. Preliminary Design
Preliminary design stage includes site survey, drawing design, preparation of preliminary design text, expert evaluation and other links. Then after repeated communication with higher authorities and local government, applying for land, forestry and other related procedures, obtaining construction qualification, etc., and obtaining permission from government departments before construction can start!
This step usually takes 6 months.
5. Draw construction drawings
Before the construction, you also need the design unit to draw detailed construction drawings. After the construction unit gets the construction drawings, it can start the construction.
6. Project Construction
The construction of a substation includes civil construction, electrical construction, and testing and commissioning, and each process requires a variety of specialized staff to perform the work.
The construction of a substation generally takes 12 months.
However, many times we will encounter various conditions, such as local residents' obstruction behavior, material reasons, and the western Sichuan region will also face heavy snowfall and natural disasters, which can be as short as two or three days or as long as unpredictable, and even the final project may involve line modifications and other problems, all of which will delay the construction of the substation.
7. Construction Acceptance
After the construction is completed, the staff will inspect and accept the civil construction, fire protection, five preventions and equipment one by one. Only those substations that pass the acceptance process will receive a "Certificate of Acceptance" and be eligible to send power to the substation for operation, starting its life of dedication to clean energy.
Do you remember the birth certificate of your childhood?
In it are detailed records of your birth date
Blood type, height and weight, household registration
After the official commissioning of the substation
will also get such a "birth certificate"
8. Commissioning
Like the process of a mother giving birth in a hospital, you need the help of a doctor. Substation into operation also requires such a process, small substations take little time to commissioning, if it is 220 kV substation or even larger substation commissioning, it requires dozens of electrical staff dozens of hours of hundreds of steps to complete successfully.
9. "Account"
When a substation is "born" and put into operation, it is also given a "account", which is the nameplate we usually see on the goods. At the same time will also be registered to the substation of each equipment on the "account", so as to facilitate the future management.
A substation can take up to 36 months from feasibility study, design, construction to commissioning. Any delay in this whole process will affect the final commissioning time of the substation.
Having a "social security card"
is the pass for safe operation of substation "career"
In the lifetime of substation operation
Electricity staff is its "general practitioner"
10. Daily maintenance
Electricity staff will use drones, infrared temperature measurement, ultrasonic detection and other equipment to do a good job of daily inspection, temperature measurement and recording of the substation, and dynamic control and tracking of the operating status of the substation.
11. Regular physical inspections
The power staff will carry out annual spring and autumn maintenance of the substation according to the schedule, and a full set of annual physical examinations is essential for healthy operation of the equipment.
12. Troubleshooting
For the emergence of sudden events in the substation, such as lightning strikes, fault tripping, etc., the power staff will be the first to go out to test and analyze the equipment, "smell and feel", and prescribe the right medicine to eliminate the disease.
13. Intelligent inspection
The intelligent robot takes pictures through high-definition camera to view the appearance of the equipment in real time, and takes pictures of the key parts of the relevant equipment to keep files, analyzes and discriminates the collected images, and completes the diagnosis of the equipment status, which can effectively improve the quality and efficiency of inspection by "complementing the shortcomings" with manual inspection.
14. Play a role
From the planning, design, completion and commissioning of substations to daily operation and maintenance protection, only safe and stable operation of substations can better protect our daily life with electricity and serve local economic and social development.
A 110 kV substation can only cover a power supply area of about 2 to 4 square kilometers, beyond which a high quality power supply cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, substations are built in places with high electricity consumption such as commercial, transportation and living areas, as well as in the vicinity of large hospitals, mega commercial buildings, some large factories, etc. We also hope that you can actively support the construction of substations, so that electricity can serve us better and improve the quality of our production and life with electricity.